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"Noël Corbu (27 April 1912 – 20 May 1968) is best known as a former restaurateur in the Southern French village of Rennes-le-Château who, between 1955-1962 circulated the story that the 19th-century French priest Bérenger Saunière discovered the treasure of Blanche of Castile. Corbu changed his story about Saunière in 1962 (see below). ==Early life== Born on 27 April 1912 in the 7th arrondissement of Paris to Désiré-Victor-Henri Corbu and Marguerite-Marie Corbu ( Rousseau), the granddaughter of François-de-Sales- Narcisse Rousseau (1810-1866), an attorney based in Clamecy, Nièvre who, in the aftermath of the French coup d'état of 1851, had been forced to flee into exile into Belgium to escape deportation to Cayenne. Corbu had an elder brother, ten years his senior named Charles-Pierre Corbu, an airline pilot employed by the Société Générale des Transports Aériens, who died alongside his mechanic, during a test flight of a commercial aircraft carrying no passengers at Le Bourget Airport, on 10 December 1927. The young Noël Corbu lived in Morocco due to his father being an attaché at the Embassy there, before obtaining the degree of Doctor of Science in Paris. While living in Perpignan, Corbu met his future wife, Henriette Coll, ten years his senior and a native of the town who was then living at 16, rue J. Tastu, where she ran her business of selling poultry, eggs and cheese. The couple married on 21 January 1935. In the following years, Corbu set up a pasta factory which he named les pâtes Claire after his eldest child, his daughter Claire, situated at route d'Elne, Perpignan. By the end of 1942, Perpignan became occupied by German troops. ==Rennes-le-Château== It was soon afterwards that Corbu decided to send his two children, his daughter Claire and her younger brother, to a more remote and less accessible place, to the village of Bugarach. Corbu published his detective novel, Le Mort cambrioleur ("The Burglar Dead") in 1943.Noël Corbu, Le Mort cambrioleur (Perpignan, Impr. du Midi, 1943). Republished in 2005. Through the intermediary of his children's school teacher (once Marie Dénarnaud's lodger), Corbu found out that Marie Dénarnaud was selling her estate in Rennes-le-Château.Claire Corbu, Antoine Captier, L'Héritage De L’Abbé Saunière (Editions Bélisane, 1985 reprinted in 2000). After two years of hesitation, Marie Dénarnaud finally agreed to sell her property en viager"A real estate transaction, popular in France, in which homeowners sell their property to a buyer for an amount of cash equivalent to a down payment in addition to a lifetime of monthly payments. Under this arrangement, the homeowner remains in the home until death, at which point the buyer takes possession". to the Corbus and by her Holographic will dated 22 July 1946, she named Corbu and his wife her sole legatees. Marie Dénarnaud could not afford to keep up her estate, which was in need of repairs and she had run into serious debts (that were settled by Noël Corbu upon purchase). The property comprised the Villa Bethania, the Tour Magdala, an Orangery, and the Belvedere that connects the Tour Magdala to the Orangery.Pierre Jarnac, Histoire du Trésor de Rennes-le-Château (Éditions Bélisane, 1985). In 1950 Corbu returned to Morocco hoping to set up a sugar refinery, without success.Vinciane Denis, Rennes-le-Château, Le Trésor de l'Abbé Saunière (Paris: Marabout, 1996). When Marie Dénarnaud died in 1953, Corbu inherited her archives relating to Bérenger Saunière. During Easter 1955 Corbu turned the Villa Bethania into a Hotel (called L'hôtel de la Tour) and opened a restaurant located underneath the belvedere that connects the Tour Magdala to the Orangery (Corbu installed the windows). Later during the 1990s, the Villa Bethania was turned into a hotel again. In January 1956, the local newspaper La Dépêche du Midi serialised an interview with Corbu in who claimed that Father Saunière discovered the treasure of Blanche of Castile, and which 'according to the archives' consisted of 28,500,000 gold pieces. This was the treasure of the French crown assembled by Blanche de Castile to pay the ransom of Saint Louis, a prisoner of the Saracens, the surplus of which she had hidden at Rennes-le-Château. Saunière had only found one part of it, so it was necessary to continue his investigations.Albert Salamon, D'un coup de pioche dans un pilier du maître-autel, l'abbé Saunière met à jour le trésor de Blanche de Castille ("With one blow of the pick-axe in a pillar of the main altar Abbé Saunière uncovered the treasure of Blanche de Castile"), in La Dépêche du Midi 12, 13, 14 January 1956. Corbu also claimed Saunière had in 1892 discovered "parchments" whilst renovating his church "written in a mixture of French and Latin, which at first glance could be discerned passages from the Gospels".Robert Charroux, Treasures of the World, p.220 (Frederick Muller Limited, 1966; English translation by Gloria Cantù). It has been noted by critics however that Saunière began renovating his church in 1886, not 1892,Jean-Jacques Bedu, Rennes-Le-Château: Autopsie d'un mythe (Ed. Loubatières, 1990). and that "there was no evidence that these parchments had ever existed".Bill Putnam, John Edwin Wood, The Treasure of Rennes-le-Château, A Mystery Solved, p.112 (Sutton Publishing Limited, revised paperback edition, 2005, ). Corbu claimed that Marie Dénarnaud would confide a secret to him before she died, saying "Pray do not worry yourself, Monsieur Corbu. You shall have more money than you will be able to spend!" Robert Charroux, Trésors du monde: enterrés, emmurés, engloutis (Paris: Fayard, 1962). Translated into English in 1967. Corbu provided a tape-recording of his story for his guests, a transcript of which was deposited in the Archives de l'Aude, Carcassonne on 14 June 1962 by Maurice Tous of Alet-les-Bains.Archives départmentales, côte 2J248; Bill Putnam, John Edwin Wood, The Treasure of Rennes-le-Château: A Mystery Solved, pages 19; 255 (Revised paperback edition, 2005. ). Corbu's story inspired author Robert Charroux to develop an active interest and in 1958, with his wife Yvette and other members of The Treasure Seekers' Club (that he founded in 1951), scanned the village of Rennes-le-Château and its church dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene for treasure using a metal detector. The Dowsing-by-Pendulum enthusiast and hypnotist Rolland Domergue, with medium Germaine Goyard, joined Corbu in 1958 to look for the treasure, and thus began the extensive accumulation of pilgrimages to the site by many various people from all over France, that on 28 July 1965 forced the local Municipal council to introduce a local By-law prohibiting excavations in the village. In April 1961, the French Television Channel RTF made a documentary directed by Marina Grey entitled La Roue Tourne ("The Wheel Turns"), that cast Noël Corbu as Father Saunière.René Descadeillas, Mythologie du Trésor de Rennes: Histoire Veritable de L'Abbé Saunière, Curé de Rennes-Le-Château (Mémoires de la Société des Arts et des Sciences de Carcassonne, Années 1971-1972, 4me série, Tome VII, 2me partie; 1974). Corbu then changed his story about Saunière on an interview for the France Inter radio programme to Robert Charroux in 1962,Broadcast on France Inter radio on 30 July 1962 called Aujourd’hui Le Trésor du curé aux milliards ("Today, the treasure of the priest with the billions").The full transcript of Corbu's radio interview was given in Parle- moi de Rennes-le-Château!, Number 2, pages 22-41, 2005 (privately published by Patrick Mensior). dropping all references to Blanche of Castile and claiming that Saunière's alleged treasure discovery relied upon two alleged inscriptions discovered in 1928: one on a gravestone in the cemetery and another on a stone found on farmland property close to Rennes-le-Château (Corbu alleged both "artifacts" were discovered by a retired amateur archaeologist, Ernest Cros, who died in 1946). In the revised edition of his book Treasures of the World published during the 1970s (not translated into English), Robert Charroux added the material given in the 1962 radio interview, but also retained parts of the original chapter on Rennes-le- Château that mentioned Blanche of Castile.Robert Charroux,Trésors du monde, trésors de France, trésors de Paris (Paris: Fayard, 1972). These references to inscriptions by Corbu inspired two documents of unknown provenance called Recherches de Mons. L'Ingenieur en chef Ernest Cros; entreprises dans la Haute Vallée de l'Aude, surtout durant les années 1920 à 1943, commonly called "The Cros Report" (one of them is said to have originated on Corbu's typewriter, the other is attributed to René Chesa).The documents are reproduced in the revised edition of Claire Corbu and Antoine Captier's book, L'héritage de l'Abbé Saunière (Éditions de l'Oeil du Sphinx, 2012. ). ==Priory of Sion hoax== Noël Corbu's account of the discovery of the parchments by Father Saunière was later quoted in the document Un Trésor Mérovingien à Rennes-le- Château (1966) attributed to "Antoine L'Ermite",Pierre Jarnac, Les Mystères de Rennes-le-Château, Mélanges Sulfureux, p. 20-21 (CERT, 1994). that for "stylistic reasons suggest that this was written by Pierre Plantard and/or Philippe de Chérisey".John Saul, Janice Glaholm, Rennes-le-Château, A Bibliography, p. 28 (Mercurius Press, 1985). Philippe de Chérisey confessed to having forged the famous parchments that appeared in Gérard de Sède’s 1967 book, L'Or de Rennes (as well as faking "The Cros Report") in his manuscript "Stone and Paper".Jean-Luc Chaumeil, Rennes-le-Château – Gisors – Le Testament du Prieuré de Sion, Le Crépuscule d’une Ténébreuse Affaire, p.184-228 (Editions Pégase, 2006, ). The text of the document attributed to "Antoine L'Ermite" was modelled on Charroux's account found in his book, Trésors du Monde, where he extensively quoted Noël Corbu. ==Heritage, tourism and archaeology== Noël Corbu sold the Saunière estate in 1964 to Henri Buthion (1924–2002) and moved to the Château of Saint-Félix-Lauragais which he recently acquired. On 20 May 1968, on his way to Fanjeaux from Montpellier, Corbu's car, a Renault 16 was hit by a truck who had failed to yield the right-of-way. Corbu who was not in the driving seat and not wearing his seat belt, was killed instantly, the driver suffered only minor injuries. Corbu was interred in a burial vault alongside his wife (who died in 1966) in the cemetery of Rennes-le-Château. The estate has been the property of the local Municipal council since 2000. Noël Corbu's daughter Claire Corbu with her husband Antoine Captier (whose grandfather was the carillonneur of the church of Rennes-le-Château, when Bérenger Saunière was the local priest), first published their book L'Héritage de l’Abbé Saunière in 1985, reproducing a selection of archives relating to Bérenger Saunière,Claire Corbu, Antoine Captier, L'Héritage De L’Abbé Saunière (Editions Bélisane, 1985 reprinted in 2000, revised edition 2012). and in May 1989 opened the Saunière Museum in the village of Rennes-le-Château as part of the Association Terre de Rhedae, also part of the local Municipal council. When the Saunière Museum re-opened on 1 March 2009, the story of Bérenger Saunière and the history of Rennes-le- Château was presented in four different languages. The museum was re-opened and re-furbished more recently in 2016 and called Le Musée Domaine de l'Abbé Saunière. While the local Municipal council superficially accepts the legend of the treasure of Rennes-le-Château because it acts as a tourist magnet attracting substantial financial revenue (for example, endorsing DVDs that publicise the legend), the legend is not treated seriously by French archaeology (itself part of the French Ministry of Culture).See for example, Christiane Amiel, "L’abîme au trésor, ou l’or fantôme de Rennes-le-Château" in, Claudie Voisenat (editor), Imaginaires archéologiques, pages 61–86 (Ethnologie de la France, Number 22, Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2008). . For example, when the then village mayor gave the go- ahead to excavate the Tour Magdala in 2003 he was subsequently threatened with legal action by the local body of Direction régionale des affaires culturelles (or DRAC) for doing so without gaining prior official permission and therefore breaching the French Code du patrimoine.La DRAC a porté plainte contre le Maire de Rennes-le-Château pour 'Fouilles illicites" suite aux fouilles entreprises sous la Tour Magdala Les Zéchos de Rhedae, N°24/25 - Octobre/Novembre 2003Code du Patrimoine, Legifrance.gouv.fr ==Published works== *Le Mort cambrioleur (1943), Imprimerie du Midi, 14 rue de la loge, Perpignan. Facsimile reprint, Paris: Les Éditions de l'Oeil du Sphinx, 2005. . == See also == * Villa Bethania * Rennes-le-Château * Bérenger Saunière * Priory of Sion ==Notes== ==References== * Claire Corbu and Antoine Captier, L'Héritage de l’Abbé Saunière (Éditions Bélisane, 1985, ; 1995, ; revised edition, Éditions de l'Oeil du Sphinx, 2012, ). * David Rossoni, L'histoire rêvée de Rennes-le-Château: Eclairages sur un récit collectif contemporain (Books on Demand Editions, 2010). == External links == * Bérenger Saunière Museum and Domain. Municipal council of Rennes-le-Château website endorsing the legend of Bérenger Saunière. Category:1912 births Category:1968 deaths Category:French hoteliers Category:Priory of Sion hoax Category:Pseudoarchaeologists "
"Sid Sings is the first released solo live album by English punk rock musician Sid Vicious. It was released posthumously on December 15, 1979 and peaked at number 30 on the British album charts. The album features the two singles "My Way" and "Something Else". These songs also appeared in the film and album The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle along with "C'mon Everybody", which did not appear on this album. Most of the album features cover versions of other artists' songs whilst only one original by Vicious is featured on the album, that being "Belsen Was a Gas", originally a Sex Pistols song that Vicious regularly performed and so far the only known Sex Pistols song that has a solo version done by him. ==Overview== The album is thin on liner notes; there are no musicians' credits or recording info, and the production credit goes to "The Engineer," John "Boogie" Tiberi. The bulk of the album comes from lo-fi recordings of performances at Max's Kansas City in New York on 28, 29 and 30 September 1978. The version of the Johnny Thunders song "Born to Lose" on this album reportedly comes from a Sex Pistols concert at Huddersfield, on 25 December 1977. During the children's matinee performed during the day, lead singer Johnny Rotten stepped off stage to act as Father Christmas, while the remaining trio played a set, including among other songs "Born to Lose" and "Chinese Rocks". Despite having an audio fidelity not much better than the rest of the album, "My Way" comes from a studio session in Paris with French session musicians. The remixed version that was released as a single and on The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle features a different vocal take, an overdubbed guitar solo from Steve Jones and strings, arranged by Simon Jeffes. But on the video version of the song it features Vicious' vocals on Sid Sings but an instrumental version from The Great Rock and Roll Swindle. There is also another demo version available from the album Too Fast To Live, which is entitled "My Way (Take 3)". Mick Jones from The Clash was long rumored to play on the album. His two sets with Vicious have now been released on CD in the double album Sid Lives, released by Jungle Records. The album was not designed by Jamie Reid, the Sex Pistols' art designer, but he created the guitar swastika that appeared on the labels of the original UK pressings (though the German pressing had a blank spot instead due to the swastika's illegality in that country). ==Track listing== All tracks are live, with the exception of "My Way". ;Side one #"Born to Lose" (Johnny Thunders) #"I Wanna Be Your Dog" (Iggy Pop, Ron Asheton) #"Take a Chance On Me" (Jerry Nolan, Walter Lure) #"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" (Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart) #"My Way" (Paul Anka, Claude François, Jacques Revaux) (alternate version without strings) ;Side two #"Belsen Was a Gas" (Johnny Rotten, Paul Cook, Sid Vicious, Steve Jones) #"Something Else" (Sharon Sheeley, Eddie Cochran) #"Chatterbox" (Johnny Thunders) #"Search And Destroy" (Iggy Pop, James Williamson) #"Chinese Rocks" (Dee Dee Ramone, Richard Hell) #"My Way (I Killed The Cat)" (shorter live version Of "My Way") Tracks 2, 3, 10, 11 – 1st set, Max's Kansas City, New York City, September 29, 1978 Tracks 4, 6, 8, 9 – 1st set, Max's Kansas City, New York City, September 28, 1978 Track 7 – 1st set, Max's Kansas City, New York City, September 30, 1978 Track 5 - Studio de la Grande Armee, Paris, April 10, 1978 There are talking bits edited in from both the 28th and 29th sets, including quite a few from the second set of the 28th, although no music is included from that set. This helps at least make sense out of the fact that the LP's inner sleeve shows a copy of Boogie's notes from the second set of the 28th used during compiling the LP. ==Personnel== *Sid Vicious – lead vocals; bass on "Born to Lose" *Paul Cook – drums on "Born to Lose" *Steve Jones – guitar, backing vocals on "Born to Lose" *Arthur Kane – bass *Steve Dior – guitar *Jerry Nolan – drums *Claude Engel – guitar on "My Way" *Sauveur Mallia – bass on "My Way" *Pierre-Alain Dahan – drums on "My Way" ;Technical *Chris Jenkins - engineer *Manu Guiot - engineer on "My Way" *Jamie Reid - design ==References== Category:Sid Vicious albums Category:Sex Pistols Category:1979 live albums Category:Live albums published posthumously Category:Virgin Records live albums Category:Covers albums Category:1979 debut albums "
"La Dépêche, formally La Dépêche du Midi, is a regional daily newspaper published in Toulouse in southwestern France with 17 editions for different areas of the Midi-Pyrénées region. The main local editions are for Toulouse, Ariège, Aude, Aveyron, Haute-Garonne, Gers, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Hautes- Pyrénées, Tarn, and Tarn-et-Garonne. ==History and profile== The newspaper first appeared on 2 October 1870 when it was called La Dépêche de Toulouse.140 ans ... En cette année anniversaire de la création de « La Dépêche du Midi », fondée en 1870, Publication was prompted by workers at the Sirven print works in Toulouse, which established the paper's left-leaning politics. It was at La Dépêche that the socialist politician Jean Jaurès wrote his first articles. The paper also published the articles by Georges Clemenceau. In the big issue of the day, the Dreyfus affair, the paper first insisted Alfred Dreyfus had given army secrets to the Germans but then came out in his support. The paper fell under German control after the occupation of 1940. Like other newspapers that had collaborated during the war, La Dépêche de Toulouse was closed by the postwar government in 1944. It reappeared under its current name in 1947. Like its predecessor La Dépêche du Midi has a leftist stance. The newspaper is part of Groupe La Dépêche du Midi. The combined circulation for the 17 regional dailies under La Dépêche du Midi was 200,000 copies in 2006. ==References== ==External links== *Official website Category:1870 establishments in France Category:Mass media in Toulouse Category:Daily newspapers published in France Category:Publications established in 1870 "