"From the Arab Expansion until the 1960s, Jews were a significant part of the population of Arab countries. Before 1948, an estimated 900,000 Jews lived in what are now Arab states. Here is a list of some prominent Jews from the Arab World, arranged by country of birth. ==Al-Andalus== * Mūsā ibn Maymūn, medieval philosopher and Torah scholar * Abu Harun Musa bin Ya'acub ibn Ezra- philosopher and linguist ==Algeria== * Isaac Alfasi, Talmudist and posek. Best known for his work of halakha * Jacques Attali, economist, writer * Cheb i Sabbah, famous club DJ * Lili Boniche, musician * Patrick Bruel, singer, actor * Alain Chabat, actor * Hélène Cixous, feminist writer * Claude Cohen- Tannoudji, physicist, Nobel prize (1997) * Jacques Derrida, deconstructionist philosopher * Alphonse Halimi, boxer: World Bantamweight Champion * Roger Hanin, film actor & director * Bernard-Henri Lévy, French philosopher * Enrico Macias (Gaston Ghrenassia), French singer * Line Monty (Eliane Sarfati), Algerian singer * Reinette l'Oranaise, Famous Algerian singer from Oran. Known as one of Oran's respected artists. Best known for Nhabek Nhabek and Mazal Haï Mazal'' ==Bahrain== * Menasheh Idafar, former Bahraini/British racing driver with dual citizenship * Nancy Khedouri, current member of parliamenthttp://www.shura.bh/en/Council/MPs/2011MP70/Pages/default.aspx * Ebrahim Daoud Nonoo, former member of parliament * Houda Ezra Nonoo, former member of parliament and former Ambassador of Bahrain to the US * Misha Nonoo, US-based British-Bahraini fashion designer ==Egypt== * André Aciman, writer and academic * Guy Béart, French singer * Eli Cohen, celebrated Israeli spy * Sir Ronald Cohen, Egyptian-born businessman * Jacques Hassoun, Psychoanalyst, writer * Aura Herzog, widow of Chaim Herzog, the sixth President of the State of Israel * Eric Hobsbawm, historian (Jewish-Polish & -German parents living in Cairo) * Edmond Jabès, poet * Paula Jacques, writer, journalist, radio show producer * Jacqueline Kahanoff, writer * Ranan Lurie, political cartoonist * Moshe Marzouk, doctor * Roland Moreno, engineer, inventor of the Smart Card * Layla Murad, singer * Haim Saban, TV producer * Saadia ben Yosef, rabbi * Sylvain Sylvain (Sylvain Mizrahi), guitarist for New York Dolls * Bat Ye'or, historian * Avraham Yosef, rabbi * Yaakov Yosef, rabbi * Ahmed Zayat, entrepreneur and owner of Zayat Stables LLC ==Iraq== Ovadia Yosef * Many Tannaim and Amoraim, including: ** Abba Arika, "Rabh", amora ** Shmuel Yarchina'ah, "Mar Samuel", or Samuel of Nehardea, amora ** Rav Huna ** Rav Chisda ** Abaye, amora ** Rav Papa, amora ** Rav Ashi (Abana), rav, amora * Anan ben David, founder of Qara'ism * Dodai ben Nahman * Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, politician * Ya'qub Bilbul, poet * Sir Sassoon Eskell, Iraqi statesman and financier * Naeim Giladi, writer * Sir Naim Dangoor, entrepreneur and philanthropist. * N.J. Dawood, translator of Koran * Hakham Yosef Chayyim of Baghdad, "Ben Ish Chai" * Yitzchak Kadouri, rabbi and kabbalist * Elie Kedourie, historian * Sami Michael*, Israeli writer * Shafiq Ades, wealthy businessman * Samir Naqqash, novelist * Maurice & Charles Saatchi, advertising executives * Yona Sabar, Kurdish Jewish scholar, linguist and researcher. * David Sassoon, Anglo-Indian merchant, and Sassoon family * Avi Shlaim, Oxford Professor born in Iraq * Yaakov Chaim Sofer, rabbi * Dahlia Wasfi, activist * Ovadia Yosef, rabbi ==Kuwait== * Saleh and Daoud Al-Kuwaity, singers ==Libya== * George Borba, footballer ==Lebanon== * David Nahmad, backgammon champion and art dealer * Yfrah Neaman, violinist * Gad Saad, evolutionary behavioral scientist * Isaac Sasson, president of the community 'Haïm Cohen Halala' in Beirut * Edmond Safra, billionaire banker * Jacob Safra, founder of Jacob E. Safra Bank * Joseph Safra, chairman of all Safra companies ==Morocco== Rabbi Shlomo Amar * Michel Abitbol, academic at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem * Amram Aburbeh, Sephardi Dayan, Scholar Chief Rabbi of Petah Tikva born in Tetouan. Best known of his work Netivei-Am * Shlomo Amar, Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel * Robert Assaraf, historian and writer * André Azoulay, advisor to Kings Hassan II and Mohammed VI * Shlomo Ben-Ami Israeli diplomat, politician and author born in Tangier * Ralph Benmergui, Canadian media personality, born in Tangier * Raphael Berdugo, dayan, scholar, and rabbi * Salomon Berdugo, poet and rabbi from Meknes * Frida Boccara, singer from Casablanca * Aryeh Deri, Israeli politician, a former leader of Shas Party * Edmond Amran El Maleh, writer * André Elbaz, painter and filmmaker from El Jadida * Gad Elmaleh, humorist, actor * Serge Haroche, Nobel-winning physicist * David Hassine, liturgic poet and rabbi * Dunash ben Labrat, grammarian, poet * David Levy, Israeli politician * Nahum Ma'arabi, Hebrew poet and translator of the 13th century * Chalom Messas, Grand Rabbi of Morocco until 2003 * David Messas, Grand Rabbi of Paris since 1995 * Amir Peretz, Israeli politician, leader of the Labour Party * David Rebibo, congregational rabbi and Jewish day school dean in Phoenix, Arizona * Baba Sali, rabbi * Abraham Serfaty, political activist * Meir Sheetrit, Israeli politician of Kadima * Avi Toledano, singer who competed at the Eurovision Song Contest * Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli dissident (converted to Christianity) == Saudi Arabia == * Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya (Samuel ibn 'Adiya), poet, warrior * David Reubeni, false messiah ==Sudan== * Nessim Gaon, financier ==Syria== * Ezra Attiya, rabbi and rosh yeshiva * Émile Benveniste, linguist ==Tunisia== * Dove Attia, French- Tunisian musical television producer * Max Azria, French-Tunisian fashion designer, founder of BCBG * Roger Bismuth, Tunisian senator * Alain Boublil, French musical theatre lyricist and librettist * Michel Boujenah, French Tunisian comedian and humorist * Paul Boujenah, French-Tunisian film director * Dany Brillant, French singer * Claude Challe, French club impresario and DJ * Pierre Darmon, French tennis player * Jacques Haïk, French producer * Gisèle Halimi, Tunisian lawyer and essayist * Élie Kakou, French actor and humorist * Pierre Lellouche, French politician * Albert Memmi, French novelist & sociologist * Habiba Msika, Tunisian singer, dancer and actress * Victor Perez, Tunisian boxing world champion * Silvan Shalom, Israeli politician and former Foreign Minister of Israel * René Trabelsi, Tunisian Politician * Nissim Zvili, Israeli politician and diplomat ==Yemen== * Nethanel ben Isaiah * Jacob ben Nathanael * Shoshana Damari was an Israeli singer. * Ofra Haza, famous Israeli singer * Yosef Qafih rabbi and leader of Baladi Yemenite Jewish community * Abdullah ibn Saba, converted to Islam (born Jewish) * Rabiah ibn Mudhar & Dhu Nuwas, kings of Himyarite * Wahb bin Munabbih (?–732), converted to Islam (born Persian Jew) * Shalom Shabazi, rabbi and poet * Shalom Sharabi, rabbi ==See also== *Arab Jews *Jewish exodus from Arab lands *Jewish refugees *List of Jews **List of Asian Jews **List of South-East European Jews *List of Egyptians *List of Lebanese people *List of Syrians *List of Iraqis *History of the Jews in Tunisia *History of the Jews in Morocco *History of the Jews in Algeria *History of the Jews in Yemen *List of famous Arabs ==Footnotes== * * Arab World Category:Arab world-related lists * * * Category:Lists of people by ethnicity "

— List of Jews from the Arab world 🌺

"In the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, a subdomain is a domain that is a part of another (main) domain. For example, if a domain offered an online store as part of their website `example.com`, you might use the subdomain `shop.example.com` . == Overview == A Fully Qualified Domain Name consists of multiple parts. For example, the english wikipedia domain: `en.wikipedia.org` The `en` is a subdomain. Although `wikipedia.org` is usually considered to be the domain name, `wikipedia` is actually a sub-domain of the `org` TLD (top level domain). The Domain Name System (DNS) has a tree structure or hierarchy, which includes nodes on the tree being a domain name. A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain. Each label may contain from 1 to 63 octets. The full domain name may not exceed a total length of 253 ASCII characters in its textual representation.RFC 1035, Domain names--Implementation and specification, P. Mockapetris (Nov 1987) Most domain registries only allocate a two-level domain name. Hosting services typically provide DNS Servers to resolve subdomains within that master domain. Subdomains in this context are defined by editing the DNS zone file pertaining to the parent domain. However, there is an ongoing debate over the use of the term “subdomain” when referring to names which map to the Address record A (host) and various other types of zone records which may map to any public IP address destination and any type of server. Network Operations teams insist that it is inappropriate to use the term “subdomain” to refer to any mapping other than that provided by zone NS (name server) records and any server-destination other than that. According to RFC 1034, "a domain is a subdomain of another domain if it is contained within that domain". Based on that definition, a host cannot be a subdomain, only a domain can be a subdomain. A subdomain will also have a separate zone file with a SOA record (Start of Authority). Any Fully Qualified Domain Name can be a host or a subdomain. == Subdomain usage == Subdomains are often used by internet service providers supplying web services. They allocate one (or more) subdomains to their clients who do not have their own domain name. This allows independent administration by the clients over their subdomain. Subdomains are also used by organizations that wish to assign a unique name to a particular department, function, or service related to the organization. For example, a university might assign "cs" to the computer science department, such that a number of hosts could be used inside that subdomain, such as `www.cs.example.edu`. There as some widely recognized subdomains including www, ftp. This allows for a structure where the domain contains administrative directories and files including the ftp directories and webpages. The ftp subdomain can contain logs and the web page directories. The www subdomain contains the directories for the webpages. Independent authentication for each domain provides access control over the various levels of the domain. == Uses == In the United Kingdom, the second-level domain names are standard and branch off from the top-level domain. For example: * .ac.uk - academic (tertiary education, further education colleges and research establishments) and learned societies * .co.uk - general use (usually commercial) * .gov.uk - government (central and local) * .judiciary.uk - courts (to be introduced in the near future) * .ltd.uk - limited companies * .me.uk - general use (usually personal) * .mod.uk - Ministry of Defence and HM Forces public sites * .net.uk - ISPs and network companies (unlike .net, use is restricted to these users) * .nhs.uk - National Health Service institutions * .nic.uk - network use only (Nominet UK) * .org.uk - general use (usually for non-profit organisations) * .parliament.uk - parliamentary use (only for the UK Parliament and the Scottish Parliament) * .plc.uk - public limited companies * .police.uk - police forces * .sch.uk - Local Education Authorities, schools, primary and secondary education, community education === Vanity domain === A vanity domain is a subdomain of an ISP's domain that is aliased to an individual user account, or a subdomain that expresses the individuality of the person on whose behalf it is registered. === Server cluster === Depending on application, a record inside a domain, or subdomain might refer to a hostname, or a service provided by a number of machines in a cluster. Some websites use different subdomains to point to different server clusters. For example, `www.example.com` points to Server Cluster 1 or Datacentre 1, and `www2.example.com` points to Server Cluster 2 or Datacentre 2 etc.. ==== Subdomains versus directories ==== Subdomains are different from directories. For example, example.com/ComputingStuff points to a directory within the example.com domain. Internet service providers frequently assign the root of a subdomain server to a directory within the master domain server root with a similar (but not necessarily identical) name. ==See also== *Domain name *Hostname *Subdirectory *Webpage *Subpage *Vanity domain ==References== Category:Domain Name System de:Domain#Subdomain "

— Subdomain 🌺

"Eduardo Humberto del Río García (June 20, 1934 – August 8, 2017), better known by his pen name Rius, was a Mexican intellectual, political cartoonist and writer born in Zamora, Michoacán. One of the most popular Mexican cartoonists, Rius has written over a hundred books that remain widely popular, especially amongst his Mexican readers. Rius was a fierce political activist, and his progressive and left-wing point of view is often present in his writings, accompanied by a strong criticism about neoliberal Mexican doctrines, US Government policies, and the Catholic Church. He used to be an open advocate of the Cuban revolution as in Cuba for Beginners and a strong Soviet bloc sympathizer until the end of the Cold War. In the 1960s he began cartooning in magazines and newspapers, sometimes regarding political themes. He made two famous comics, Los Supermachos and Los agachados, which were a humorous criticism of the Mexican government. After his successes with these, he made many books, all illustrated and written by hand by him and covering a range of topics on politics, vegetarianism, and religion. His books have become popular mainly because of their humour, which attempts to reach the general reader, as well as for their simplicity and intellectual acuteness. They give an overview of their theme without becoming difficult. In 1970, the first English edition of Rius's book Cuba para principiantes, a humorous comic strip presentation of Cuban history and revolution, was published in the United States as Cuba for Beginners. The book made no particularly great impact, but the 1976 English language publication of Marx for Beginners, a translation of his Marx para principiantes (1972), a comic strip representation of the life and ideas of Karl Marx, became an international bestseller and kicked off the For Beginners series of books from Writers and Readers and later Icon Books.The history of Introducing books, introducingbooks.com. Accessed 2011-01-29.Our Story , For Beginners books. Accessed 2011-01-29. In the 1990s, he participated in two political humour magazines: El Chahuistle and El Chamuco (named after an insect plague and the devil, respectively, because they were harsh on politicians and religious leaders). His success and long career have made him a reference point to the newer generations of political cartoonists in México. Mexican director Alfonso Arau made Calzonzin Inspector, a live action film based on characters appearing in Los Supermachos that was released in 1974. He died on August 8, 2017 at the age of 83.Fallece el caricaturista Eduardo del Río, "Rius" == Selected bibliography of Rius's books== *Economía para ignorantes (en economía). (Economics for Dummies (In Economics)) *Filosofía para principiantes (Desde Platón hasta hace rato) (Philosophy for Beginners: From Plato up to a Little While Ago) *La panza es primero (The Stomach Is First) *Marx para principiantes (Marx for Beginners) *Puré de Papas (Mashed Potatoes/Pope Purée) (about the history of the heads of the Catholic Church; a play on words) *500 años fregados pero cristianos (500 years screwed but Christian) *ABChe (about Che Guevara) *Kama Nostra (referring to the Kama Sutra) Our Bed *Cuba para principiantes (Cuba for Beginners) *La Biblia: Esa linda tontería (The Bible: That Cute Nonsense) *La deuda externa y cómo no pagarla (The External Debt and How Not to Pay It) *Manual del perfecto ateo (Manual of the Perfect Atheist) *Mis supermachos (My Supermachos) *La Iglesia y otros cuentos (The Church and Other Tales) *Lástima de Cuba (Too bad for Cuba) *Los Panuchos (history of the National Action Party, or PAN) *Machismo, feminismo y homosexualismo (Sexism, Feminism, and Homosexualism) *El pequeño Rius Ilustrado (an illustrated Rius mini-dictionary) *Rius para principiantes (Rius for Beginners) *Herejes, ateos y malpensados (vol. I y II) (Heretics, Atheists, and Disingenous) *Cómo dejar de comer (mal) (How to Stop Eating (Poorly)) *La mamá del Quijote (Quijote's Mom) *De músico, poeta y loco... (Of Musician, Poet, and Crazy Person...) *Cristo de carne y hueso (Christ of Flesh and Blood) *Jesús alias el Cristo (Jesus Alias the Christ) *Filatelia para cuerdos (Philatelia for Sane People) *RecetaRIUS: 100 propuestas para salvar lo que queda de México (RecipeRIUS: 100 Proposals to Save What Is Left of Mexico) *Con perdón de Doré (y de la Biblia) (Forgive Me, Doré (And Forgive Me, Bible)) *Su Majestad el PRI (His Majesty PRI) *El católico preguntón (The Annoying Catholic) *Pobrecito Japón (Poor Japan) *Marihuana y otras debilidades (Marijuana and Other Weaknesses) *Osama Tío Sam (Osama Uncle Sam) *El libro de las malas palabras (The Book of Bad Words) *El fracaso de la educación en México (The Failure of Mexican Education) *El diablo se llama Trotsky (The Devil is Named Trotsky) *El mundo del fin del mundo (The World of the End of the World) *De aborto, sexo y otros pecados (Of Abortion, sex, and Other Sins) *Descubriendo a Colón (Discovering Columbus) *La cultura no muerde (Culture Doesn't Bite) *El otro Rius (The Other Rius) *La interminable conquista de México (The Endless Conquest of Mexico) *El amor en tiempos del SIDA (Love in Time of AIDS) *La droga que refresca (The Refreshing Drug) (about Coca-Cola) *Cuba libre (The Free Cuba) *¡Ya te vimos, Pinochet! (Gotcha, Pinochet!) *Diccionario de estupidez humana (The Dictionary of Human Stupidity) *Sería católico jesucristo? (Would Jesus Christ Have Been Catholic?) *MAS herejes, ateos y malpensados (MORE Heretics, Atheists, and Disingenous) *La verdadera historia del tío Sam (The True History of Uncle Sam) *Marihuana, cocaína y otros viajes (Marijuana, Cocaine, and Other Trips) *El supermercado de las sectas (The Supermarket of Sects) *Trukulenta historia del kapitalismo (The Trikky History of Kapitalism) *La revolucioncita mexicana (The Little Mexican Revolution) *TodoRius (AllRius) *Votas y te vas (Vote and Leave) *Horóscopos, tarot y otras tomadas de pelo (Horoscopes, Tarot, and Other Frauds) *Atlas para niños y niñas (An Atlas for Children) *Quetzalcóatl no era del PRI (Quetzalcoatl Wasn't with the PRI) *Los agachados (The Crouched) ==References== == External links == * Website about Rius (in Spanish) *Rius' recent works (in Spanish, last updated August 2006) * Current articles from Rius from Vinculando.org (in Spanish) * Webpage about issue #1 of comic book Los Supermachos from Los Supermachos Remasterizados (in Spanish) * El Chamuco, official web site of El Chamuco, a comic magazine about Mexican politics and critics founded by Rius (in Spanish) Category:1934 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Mexican cartoonists Category:Mexican comics artists Category:Critics of the Catholic Church Category:Mexican atheism activists Category:People from Zamora, Michoacán Category:Writers from Michoacán Category:Artists from Michoacán Category:20th-century atheists Category:21st-century atheists "

— Rius 🌺