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"Pauline Schaap is a Dutch cell biologist and evolutionary biologist. She is Professor of Developmental Signalling at the University of Dundee., a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. She studies the evolution of multicellularity and cell differentiation in social amoebae. == Biography == Schaap received her PhD in 1987 from the University of Leiden . She was a professor at the University of Leiden until 1999, when she moved to the University of Dundee where she is currently a professor . She became a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011 . == Professional contributions == Schaap and her collaborators established the first molecular phylogeny of the Dictyostelia . That work showed that complex multicellular fruiting bodies had evolved multiple times independently, contrary to what had previously been generally thought . More recently, Schaap and her team showed that the molecular pathway for multicellular development in dictyostelids had evolved from an ancestral encystment pathway present in single-celled amoebae , thus contributing to elucidating the molecular basis for the evolution of multicellularity == References == ==External links== *Pauline Schaap at Google Scholar Category:Dutch biologists Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Biology Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people "
"Shuttered Hugo Boss store in Brisbane, Australia (March 2020) The COVID-19 pandemic affects the global fashion industry as governments close down manufacturing plants, and through store closures, and event cancellations to slow the spread of the virus. The coronavirus pandemic has had a major impact on fashion brands worldwide. At the same time, the fashion industry faces challenges in consumer demand. New opportunities are also presenting themselves as fashion brands shift to making fashionable coronavirus face masks. ==Manufacturing== Manufacturing issues include lack of fabric availability and order cancellations, but brands that prepared originally by importing fabrics and have them stored at a safehouse will benefit from the pandemic. ==Sales== Apparel is a leading discretionary purchase. As many people are staying at home, there is less emphasis on getting dressed. Likewise, many people make clothing purchases ahead of special occasions, such as weddings and vacation, but as many of these events have been canceled or postponed, the impetus to buy new clothing is no longer there. Layoffs, furloughs and pay cuts are also affecting sales. ==Events== Designers have adapted with producing and showcasing their fashion products by streaming presentations online without a live audience present. The British Fashion Council made an announcement in April 2020 that it would develop a digital “cultural fashion week platform” that designers could use in any way that they thought would work for them rather than facilitating the typical format and setting of a fashion show. Shanghai and Moscow fashion weeks were presented digitally in late March and April 2020. Ermenegildo Zegna coined the word "phygital" to describe "physical space and digital technologies" as its new way of showcasing fashion. As art galleries and museums are closed, First American Art Magazine organized a virtual art exhibition and asked the Native art community to submit masks. More than seventy artists handed in 125 masks, from functional masks to decorated ones. == Face masks == Face masks have been trending as a fashion statement during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been suggested that possibly "no other piece of clothing that has had a trajectory like face masks — something that began as purely protective transforming into a fashion statement in no time at all." Trikini, a three piece garment was popularized in Italy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The trikini consists of a two piece beachwear and a matching mask. ==Distribution channels== As retail stores shut their doors and stay-at-home orders kept people inside, there was a dramatic shift towards digital commerce that is likely to continue post-pandemic. Consumers had to increase their use of services like social commerce and curbside pickup and retailers had to offer digital solutions in order to survive . Sales from physical brick-and-mortar stores and department stores are down and expected to continue decreasing while direct-to-consumer online retailers are on the rise . ==Lasting effects== The COVID-19 pandemic will inevitably change the fashion industry forever. The necessity to purchase clothing on a frequent basis no longer exists, and the financial and cultural devastation which took place when numerous brands and historical department stores closed for good. As time goes on, the catastrophic effects of the Coronavirus on small fashion businesses will become clear, what can be expected for certain is a sort of dynamic shift which is expected to occur in terms of production and collection cycles, what styles are produced (as well as where & how often) and most importantly, who will be the ones in power to make these decisions. == References == fashion industry Category:History of fashion Category:Clothing Category:Jewellery Category:Shoe business "
"Déborah Bourch'his is a French researcher in Epigenetics. She is currently a team leader at the Curie Institute (Paris). Her research has been awarded the prize Liliane-Bettencourt for life sciences. == Education and academic appointments == In 1996., she joins the laboratory of Evani Viegas-Pequignot to do a PhD in Genetics in at the Necker–Enfants Malades Hospital. There, she identifies methylation mutations on DNMT3B. In 2000, she moves to the laboratory of Timothy Bestor at the Columbia University to start her postdoctoral studies. In 2009, after being recruited at the french biomedical research institute Inserm, she is invited by Edith Heard to start her own research team at the Curie Institute (Paris). == Research == During her postdoctoral studies, she shows that germline cells require a specific stimulation to acquire DNA methylation, via the cofactor 3 DNMT3L. Déborah Bourch'his runs a research team studying epigenetic decisions and reproduction in the department 'Genetics and Developmental biology' of the Curie Institute.. Her research focuses on understanding the regulation of epigenetic information within the peri-conception window, from Gametogenesis to early embryonic development. She has published several key publications in the field. Her work has been awarded several prestigious prizes. == Awards == * 2017: Lilianne Bettencourt Schueller prize for research in life sciences * 2010: Prize from Schlumberger Foundation for Education and Research == References == Category:French geneticists Category:Women geneticists Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people "